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Objective: To investigate the effects of Trimetazidine on mitochondrial proteomic alterations in heart failure rats with qi- deficiency and blood- stasis syndrome after myocardial infarction. Methods: Heart failure models were established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, Trimetazidine group. 8 weeks after drug intervention, the mitochondrial proteomic alterations of myocardial tissue were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time- of- flight mass spectrometry (MALDI- TOF- MS). Furthermore, expression levels of part of the differentially expressed proteins were verified by western blot. Results: Compared with model group, 18 differentially expressed protein spots were detected in Trimetazidine group, 10 of which were successfully identified by MALDI-TOFMS. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differential proteins were mainly associated with energy metabolism, stress reaction, oxidative damage, cyto-skeleton, cell differentiation and proliferation. Western blot results showed that the expression of Stress-70 protein and Nucleophosmin increased and the expression of ATP-αdecreased in model group. The expression of Stress- 70 protein and Nucleophosmin decreased and the expression of ATP- αincreased in Trimetazidine group, which showed the same results in proteomics. Conclusion: Trimetazidine can partly adjust proteomic alterations of myocardial mitochondrial in HF rats with qi-deficiency and blood-stasis syndrome, and its intervention mechanism may involve improving energy metabolism, relieving stress reaction and oxidative damage, as well as regulating cell differentiation and proliferation. The results of comparative proteomic analysis performed by using 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS are accurate, stable and reliable.
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This paper aimed at investigating the effects of Xinfukang Oral Liquid on mitochondrial proteomic alterations in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction and exploring its possible mechanisms. Heart failure models were established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery of SD rats. Rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, Xinfukang group. 8 weeks after drug intervention, the mitochondrial proteomic alterations of myocardial tissue were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) . Furthermore, expression levels of part of the differently expressed proteins were verified by western blot. Compared with model group, 20 differentially expressed protein spots were detected in Xinfukang group, 13 of which showed increased protein expression and 7 decreased; 13 differentially expressed protein spots were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differential proteins were mainly associated with energy metabolism, stress reaction, oxidative damage, cyto-skeleton, cell differentiation and proliferation. Western blot results showed that the expression of Stress-70 protein and Nucleophosmin increased and the expression of ATP-αdecreased in model group. The expression of Stress-70 protein and Nucleophosmin decreased and the expression of ATP-αincreased in Xinfukang group, which shows the same results in proteomics. Xinfukang Oral Liquid can partly adjust proteomic alterations of myocardial mitochondrial in HF rats, and its intervention mechanism may involve improving energy metabolism, reliving stress reaction and oxidative damage, as well as regulating cell differentiation and proliferation. The results of comparative proteomic analysis performed by using2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS are acurate, stable and reliable.
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Objective To investigate the effects of hippocampal?sparing intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) on dose distribution of target volume and organs at risk ( OARs) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A retrospective dosimetric analysis was performed among 11 patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The MONACO ? v5. 10 Treatment Planning System was used to design three treatment plans:routine volumetric modulated arc therapy ( VMAT ) , hippocampal?sparing VMAT, and nine fixed?fields IMRT. The D98%, D50%, D2%, Dmean , conformity index ( CI ) , and homogeneity index (HI) of planning target volume (PTV) and PTVnx as well as dose distribution of the hippocampus and OARs were evaluated. Using single factor analysis of variance,two group comparative was LSD or paired t?test. Results For the above three plans,the D2% values of PTVnx were ,7 513,and 7 462 cGy,respectively (P=0. 016);the D98% values of PTV were 5837,5812,and 5914 cGy,respectively (P=0. 029);the average D2% values of PTV were 7 399,7 380,and 7 333 cGy,respectively ( P=0. 047);the HI values of PTV were 0. 239,0. 241,and 0. 220,respectively (P=0. 016);the V10 values of the brain stem were 97. 2%,88. 1%,and 90. 3%,respectively ( P=0. 001);the V20 values of the brain stem were 74. 2%, 62. 3%,and 67. 1%,respectively ( P=0. 032);the V30 values of the brain stem were 50. 9%,35. 8%,and 45. 5%, respectively ( P= 0. 020 );the V40 values of brain stem were 24. 4%, 14. 4%, and 23. 3%, respectively ( P=0. 018);the Dmean values of hippocampus were 1 518,899,and 896 cGy,respectively ( P=0. 000);the D40% values of hippocampus were 1 379,642,and 639 cGy,respectively ( P=0. 000);the V10 values of the hippocampus were 54. 1%,25. 1%,and 3. 8%,respectively ( P=0. 000);the V20 values of the hippocampus were 26. 2%, 12. 6%, and 12. 0%, respectively ( P=0. 001 ) . Conclusions Hippocampal?sparing VMAT and nine fixed?fields IMRT can significantly reduce the dose to the hippocampus without affecting dose distribution of target volume and OARs. VMAT may be superior to IMRT because VMAT can simultaneously reduce the dose to the brain stem.
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Objective To compare the differences in setup error ( SE) assessment and correction between three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography ( 3DCBCT ) and four-dimensional CBCT ( 4 DCBCT ) in breast irradiation patients during free breathing after breast-conserving surgery . Methods Twenty patients with breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery were recruited for external beam breast irradiation and 4DCBCT and 3DCBCT simulation. The target volumes were delineated. Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were designed using the MONACO v510 treatment planning system. 3DCBCT and 4DCBCT images were collected alternately five times each before breast irradiation. The CT images were matched, and the interfraction SEs were acquired. After online setup correction, the residual errors were calculated, and the SEs, systematic errors, and random errors were compared. The paired t test was used for comparison between groups. Results The SEs acquired by 4DCBCT were significantly larger than those acquired by 3DCBCT in three directions ( P=0035, 0018, 0040 ) . After online setup correction, the random errors based on 3DCBCT were significantly smaller than those based on 4DCBCT in left-right and anterior-posterior ( AP ) directions ( 0.5± 039 mm vs. 0.7± 030 mm, P=0005;0.9± 109 mm vs. 1.2± 048 mm, P=0000) , and the residual errors based on 3DCBCT were also significantly smaller than those based on 4DCBCT in AP direction (0.2±033 mm vs. 0.6±063 mm, P=0000). The setup margins based on 4DCBCT was significantly larger than those based on 3DCBCT in AP direction both before and after online setup correction (P=0002). Conclusions Compared with 3DCBCT, 4DCBCT has more advantages in monitoring the SEs in three directions. Both 3DCBCT and 4DCBCT have similar efficacy in random error correction. The satisfying position repeatability and minimized target volume margins will be achieved by online setup correction.
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Objective To compare the differences in setup error ( SE) assessment and correction between three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography ( 3DCBCT ) and four-dimensional CBCT ( 4 DCBCT ) in breast irradiation patients during free breathing after breast-conserving surgery . Methods Twenty patients with breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery were recruited for external beam breast irradiation and 4DCBCT and 3DCBCT simulation. The target volumes were delineated. Volumetric modulated arc therapy plans were designed using the MONACO v510 treatment planning system. 3DCBCT and 4DCBCT images were collected alternately five times each before breast irradiation. The CT images were matched, and the interfraction SEs were acquired. After online setup correction, the residual errors were calculated, and the SEs, systematic errors, and random errors were compared. The paired t test was used for comparison between groups. Results The SEs acquired by 4DCBCT were significantly larger than those acquired by 3DCBCT in three directions ( P=0035, 0018, 0040 ) . After online setup correction, the random errors based on 3DCBCT were significantly smaller than those based on 4DCBCT in left-right and anterior-posterior ( AP ) directions ( 0.5± 039 mm vs. 0.7± 030 mm, P=0005;0.9± 109 mm vs. 1.2± 048 mm, P=0000) , and the residual errors based on 3DCBCT were also significantly smaller than those based on 4DCBCT in AP direction (0.2±033 mm vs. 0.6±063 mm, P=0000). The setup margins based on 4DCBCT was significantly larger than those based on 3DCBCT in AP direction both before and after online setup correction (P=0002). Conclusions Compared with 3DCBCT, 4DCBCT has more advantages in monitoring the SEs in three directions. Both 3DCBCT and 4DCBCT have similar efficacy in random error correction. The satisfying position repeatability and minimized target volume margins will be achieved by online setup correction.
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Objective To analyze the stability and accuracy of the equipment for three-dimensional ultrasound-based image-guided radiation therapy (3DUS-IGRT) in daily practice, and to provide a basis for clinical application of radiotherapy for soft tissue tumors.Methods A specific calibration phantom was used for continuous calibration and quality control of the 3DUS-IGRT equipment in a year.The method for daily quality control of ultrasound-guided equipment was explored, and its stability and accuracy were monitored.Results The phantom position errors in both Sim and Guide stations of the 3DUS-IGRT equipment were within 1 mm.Conclusions The 3DUS-IGRT equipment has a stable performance with the support of a complete set of stringent and accurate calibration and quality control, which provides a new image-guided method for precise radiotherapy for soft tissue tumors.
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Objective To explore the effect of curcumin on the activity and migration of as well as c-kit mRNA expression in melanocytes.Methods Human epidermal melanocytes were isolated from the prepuce in adolescents and subjected to primary culture.To estimate the effect of curcumin on the proliferative activity of melanocytes, some melanocytes were randomly divided into several groups to be cultured in the MelM-2 medium with or without the presence of 5, 10, 20 or 30 μmol/L curcumin, the MelM-2 medium containing curcumin of 5-30 μmol/L served as the drug control groups, and the MelM-2 medium without curcumin served as the blank control group.After 24 and 48 hours of culture, MTS assay was performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of melanocytes.Some cultured melanocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups to be cultured in the MelM-2 medium with 0, 5, 10 and 20 μmol/L curcumin respectively for 48hours.Then, wound scratch assay was conducted to estimate the migratory activity of melanocytes, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR to quantify the mRNA expression of c-kit in melanocytes.Statistical analysis was carried out by factorial design analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA and least significant difference (LSD)-t test.Results The proliferative activity of melanocytes was significantly decreased at 24 and 48 hours in the 30-μmol/L curcumin group compared with the negative control group (0.783 ± 0.053 vs.1.000 ± 0.018 at 24 hours, 0.637 ± 0.015 vs.0.993 ± 0.064 at 48 hours, both P ＜ 0.05), while no significant differences were observed between the other curcumin groups and the negative control group (all P ＞ 0.05).The 48-hour treatment with curcumin could significantly inhibit the migration of melanocytes in the 5-, 10-and 20-μmol/L curcumin groups compared with the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression level of c-kit was also significantly reduced at 48 hours in the 5-, 10-and 20-μmol/L curcumin groups compared with the control group (1.799 ± 0.372, 1.539 ± 0.224 and 1.026 ± 0.038 vs.3.371 ± 0.352, all P ＜0.05).Conclusion Curcumin at low concentrations (≤ 20 μmol/L) has no obvious cytotoxicity against melanocytes, but can inhibit the migration of and c-kit mRNA expression in melanocytes, while curcumin at 30 μmol/L can promote the apoptosis of melanocytes.
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BACKGROUND:Amniotic cells are mainly composed of amniotic epithelial cells and amniotic mesenchymal cells, which have multi-differentiation potential and can be transformed into neurons as wel as synthesize and release biological y active substances and neurotrophic factors. In preliminary studies, amniotic cells that are transplanted into the brain can significantly promote the regeneration of brain neurons. OBJECTIVE:To explore the role of amniotic cells in mouse brain cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS:The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was established in Babl/c mice using occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries, and then brain cells were separated from mice. Amniotic cells were isolated from mouse placenta. Brain cells from Balb/C mice co-cultured with amniotic cells served as experimental group, and brain cells cultured with PBS as control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The viability of brain cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P0.05);after 48 hours co-culture, however, the necrotic rate of brain cells was significantly lower in the experimental group than the control group (P<0.05). In cellcycle, the experiment group showed increased S phase cells;while, the control group exhibited increased G 1 phase cells and decreased S phase cells. G 2 phase cells had no changes in number in both two groups. Through the above results, amnion cells can be proved to protect and promote the regeneration of brain cells of Balb/C mice with ischemia-reperfusion injury, and inhibit cellnecrosis and apoptosis.
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Objective To investigate the impact of oral contrast agent for assisting in outlining the small bowel on pelvic volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) dose in patients with cervical cancer.Methods Nine cervical cancer patients for postoperative radiotherapy underwent CT scans,and the target volumes and organs at risk including the small bowel were contoured.The VMAT plan was designed for each case.Then another plan was generated by re-calculating the radiation dose after changing the electron density of the small bowel.The first plan (plan A) was the conventional VMAT plan,and the second one (plan B) specified the electron density of the small bowel.Paired t-test was used to compare the dose distribution between the two plans.Results The Dg8,D5o,conformity index,and homogeneity index of plans A and B were 4 989.1 vs.5 000.1 cGy (P =0.026),5 208.6 vs.5 191.6 cGy (P =0.005),0.766 vs.0.765 (P =0.920),and 0.081 vs.0.074(P =0.055),respectively.The volumes of the small bowel receiving at least 30 Gy for plans A and B were 309.3 vs.314.3 cm3(P =0.207),while bladder V45 of the two plans was 52.4％ vs.51.1％ (P =0.168).To achieve the same prescribed dose,plan A and plan B needed 893.3 MU and 865.8 MU (P =0.093).Conclusions The contrast agent filling the small bowel does not lead to a significant increase in the pelvic VMAT dose in patients with cervical cancer after surgery.
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Objective To evaluate the in vitro effect of ferulic acid on the proliferation of,as well as melanin synthesis,tyrosinase activity and expressions of c-kit and ERK proteins in cultured normal human epidermal melanocytes.Methods Cultured normal human epidermal melanocytes were treated with various concentrations of ferulic acid for different durations,and those remaining untreated served as the control.Then,3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium,inner salt (MTS) assay was performed to estimate cell proliferative activity at 24,48 and 72 hours,sodium hydroxide solubilization method to quantify melanin content in melanocytes at 72 hours,dopa oxidation assay to evaluate tyrosinase activity at 72 hours,Western blot to measure the expressions of c-kit and ERK1/2 proteins at 72 hours.Results Cellular proliferative activity was significantly inhibited in melanocytes treated with ferulic acid of 0.01,0.1 and 1 mg/ml for 24,48 and 72 hours compared with untreated melanocytes (all P ＜ 0.05),and the 72-hour treatment with ferulic acid of 1 mg/ml showed the strongest inhibitory effect.Ferulic acid at 0.01,0.1 and 1 mg/ml all markedly suppressed melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity,decreased the expressions of c-kit and ERK1/2 proteins in melanocytes,with significant differences in these parameters between ferulic acid-treated and untreated melanocytes (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Ferulic acid could downregulate the proliferation of,as well as melanin synthesis,tyrosinase activity,and expressions of c-kit and ERK proteins in cultured human epidermal melanocytes.
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A total of 107 vitiligo patients were randomly divided into 3 groups.Group A received an intralesional injection of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-polysaccharide nucleic acid (BCG-PSN) (n =34),group B Compound Glycyrrhizin Tablets (n =36) and group C both (n =37).Before treatment and 3 months after treatment,cellular immune function was detected for each group.Paired comparisons of 3 groups before and after treatment showed that CD4 +,CD4 +/CD8 + ratio increased (all P ＜ 0.05) and CD8 + decreased (P ＜0.05).After treatment,as compared with groups A and B,CD4 + increases (both P ＜ 0.05) and CD8 + decreased in group C (P ＜0.05).Group C had an efficiency rate of 91.9％ and it was higher than the other two groups (both P ＜ 0.05).An intralesional injection of BCG-PSN plus Compound Glycyrrhizin Tablets could improve immune function and treat vitiligo patients efficiently.
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Objective To study the accuracy of SentinelTM system for patient setup using rigid-body phantom.Methods A 002LFC IMRT phantom was placed on Elekta HexaPODTM 6-degree couch using tattoo and the laser in the treatment room.When a well-know shift (3 directions) and rotation (3 positions) was moved,CBCT and SentinelTM system were scanned respectively,and the measuring errors of six dimensions were recorded.The absolute differences between applied and measured errors were compared and paired t-test.Results Total 15 well-know shifts were investigated.The SentinelTM system was very good stability and the largest absolute difference only 0.9 mm (z direction) and 0.2° (arbitrary direction).At the same time,a good conformance between SentinelTM system and CBCT was displayed because the largest absolute difference between applied and measuring error was less than 0.9 mm (z direction) and 0.2° (arbitrary direction).Conclusions SentinelTM system is fast,simple,non-invasive and seems to be reliable in detecting patient setup errors.It maybe hold potential to ensure precise patient positioning with reduced CBCT frequency in tumor locations with fixed relation to surface structures.
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Objective To analyze the difference of prescription dose between ICRU report 83 and Chinese recommendation in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).Methods Eighty-four NPC were treated using IMRT technology from Jan 1,2010 to Apr 1,2012.All dose volume histogram of the 84 IMRT plan were analyzed retrospectively.The target volumes of planning gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (PGTVnx) or planning clinical target volume and high risk lymphatic drainage (PCTV1) and doses of D100,D98,D95,D50,D2 and D0 were recorded.The mean,standard error,medial,range,coefficient of variation (CV) of PGTVnx,PCTV1,and D100,D98,D95,D50,D2and D0 were calculated,respectively.The homogeneity index (HI) and deviation between D95 and D50 of PGTVnx and PCTV1 were calculated,respectively.The differentiation of grouping results were analyzed with grouped t-test method.Results The HI of PGTVnx and PCTV1 were 0.118 ± 0.045 and 0.272 ± 0.037,respectively.It is the bigger target volume,the worse HI;and the advanced T stage,the worse HI.Either PGTVnx or PCTV1,D95 were less than D50.The average deviation was-5.15％ and-10.97％,and the actual difference value was (382± 180) cGy (P=0.000) and (741± 140) cGy (P=0.000).Conclusions D550,which is the recommendation prescription dose of PTV in ICRU report 83,could evaluate accurately the IMRT plan with combining D98 and D2· When D50 is used to instand of D95,the prescription dose of PGTVnx and PCTV1 should increase 5％ and 11％,respectively.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of tacalcitol on the proliferation,adhesion,migration and c-kit mRNA expression of cultured human epidermal melanocytes.Methods Cultured epidermal melanocytes from the prepuce of adolescent males were treated with various concentrations of tacalcitol.Then,cell proliferation was evaluated by tetrazolium salt (XTT) assay after 24,48 and 72 hours of treatment,adhesive activity by using fibronectin-coated culture plates after 72 hours,migratory activity by Transwell assay using a microporous membrane after 24 hours,and the c-kit mRNA expression was semiquantitatively analyzed by reverse transcription PCR after 72 hours of treatment.Statistical analysis was done by repeated-measure analysis of variance and completely random design analysis of variance.Results As repeated-measure analysis of variance showed,tacalcitol of 10-10,10-9,10-8,10-7 and 10-6 mol/L significantly promoted the proliferation of melanocytes (F =9.47,P ＜ 0.01),with significant differences in the promoting effect among various durations of treatment with different concentrations of tacalcitol (F =14.44,P ＜ 0.01),and with significant interaction effect between drug concentration and treatment duration (F =2.47,P ＜ 0.01).The highest proliferation level was observed in melanocytes treated with tacalcitol of 10-s mol/Lfor 72 hours.There was a significant increase in the adhesion rate of human epidermal melanocytes to fibronectin after treatment with tacalcitol of 10-8-10-7 mol/L for 72 hours (both P ＜ 0.01),number of melanocytes migrating through micropore membranes per high-power field (× 200) after treatment with tacalcitol of 10-9-10-8 mol/L for 24 hours (both P ＜ 0.01),and in the c-kit mRNA expression in melanocytes treated with tacalcitol of 10-9-10-7mol/L for 72 hours (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Tacalcitol can promote melanocytes to proliferate,migrate,express c-kit mRNA,and adhere to fibronectin.
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Objective To study the regulatory effect of ethanol extract of glossy privet fruit and its monomer tyrosol on the adhesion and migration of human epidermal melanocytes.Methods Epidermal melanocytes were isolated from human foreskin,and subjected to a primary culture.Mter 3-5 passages,the melanocytes were treated with various concentrations of ethanol extract of glossy privet fruit (0.0375-0.6 mg/ml)and tyrosol (0.125-2 mmol/L) for 24-72 hours.The XTT colorimetric assay was carried out to evaluate the proliferation of melanocytes,fibronectin (FN)-coated culture plates were used to evaluate the adhesion activity of melanocytes,and Transwell assay was conducted to assess the migration activity of melanocytes.Confocal laser microscopy was utilized to observe the structure and distribution of actin cytoskeleton in melanocytes,and cellular fluorescence intensity was determined by a semi-quantitative analysis.Statistical analysis was carried out by using unpaired t test.Results The adhesion activity of melanocytes to FN was significantly enhanced by the ethanol extract of 0.0375-0.6 mg/ml from glossy privet fruit (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01),and by tyrosol of 0.5-2 mmol/L (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).As XTT assay showed,neither the ethanol extract of 0.15 mg/ml nor tyrosol of 2 mmol/L had cytotoxicity or promotive effect on cell proliferation.Hence,0.15 mg/ml and 2 mmol/L were determined as the working concentrations of ethanol extract and tyrosol respectively.The number of cells migrating through micropore membranes per high-power field (× 200) was 43.7 and 51.0 in melanocytes treated with the ethanol extract of 0.15 mg/ml and tyrosol of 2 mmol/L,respectively,significantly higher than that in untreated melanocytes (20.3,both P ＜ 0.01).Compared with untreated melanocytes,those treated with the ethanol extract of 0.15 mg/ml and those with tyrosol of 2 mmol/L showed higher intracellular fluorescence intensity (P ＜ 0.01) and more stress fiber bundles which congregated inside the cell membrane and around the nuclei.Conclusions The ethanol extract of glossy privet fruit and its monomer tyrosol can promote the adhesion and migration of human melanocytes in vitro,likely by promoting the congregation of actin cytoskeleton in melanocytes.
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Objective In order to explore the ways of reflecting the dose distribution in the implementation of the of IMRT (intensity modulated radiation therapy),a 2D diode array (2D-DA) was used in verifying the composite dose distribution of IMRT plans in the way of multi-gantry-angle composite (MGAC).Methods IMRT quality assure (QA) plans of 27 patients,based on the 2D-DA and solid water phantom,were designed and verified in two ways of single-gantry-angle composite (SGAC) and MGAC verifications.The comparison and analyzation of the dose distributions of the TPS calculation and the measurement of the 2D-DA were done.Results (1) When the beam central axes were not superposed with the detectors'plane of the 2D-DA,the verification passrate of SGAC and MGAC planar dose distribution of 27 patients'IMRT plan were 94.56%±4.28% and 94.81%±3.80% (the criteria:rvalue,3 ram/3%),respectively.There was no statistical difference between the results of two sets (t =-0.213,P＞0.05).(2) When one of the beam central axes was superposed with the detectors'plane of the 2D-DA,the verification passrate of MGAC planar dose distribution were 79.72%±12.77%.Conclusions Using the 2D-DA with a proper phantom,there was no statistical difference in the SGAC and MGAC verifications of IMRT plans when the beam central axes were not superposed with the detectors'plane.However,the MGAC dose distribution can provide more about the clinical dosimetry,and the errors in the implementation of the of IMRT were easier located.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR9 gene and the occurrence of condyloma acuminatum (CA). Methods Peripheral venous blood was obtained from 63 patients with CA and 23 normal human controls with informed consent. DNA was extracted from the blood samples and subjected to the amplification of TLR9 gene by PCR followed by sequence analysis. Results There were 4 SNPs, i.e., SNP1, SNP2, SNP3 and SNP4 at positions 1174, 1635, 1269 and 1724 of the TLR9 gene, respectively. Of these SNPs, SNP1 was located in intron 1, SNP2, SNP3 and SNP4 in exon 2. The registration number is rs352139 for SNP1, rs352140 for SNP2 in NCBI database. SNP3 and SNP4 were newly discovered positions. The frequency at SNP1 position was 0.690 and 0.609 for allele A in the patients and controls, respectively, 0.309 and 0.391 for allele G, respectively (both P > 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the patients and controls in the frequency of allele A or allele G at position SNP2 (0.302 vs. 0.698, 0.369 vs. 0.630, both P > 0.05). There were 4 haplotypes at the SNP1 and SNP2 positions, including AA, AG, GA and GG, with no significant difference in the frequency between the patients and controls (all P> 0.05). Conclusions There are 4 SNPs including SNP1, SNP2, SNP3 and SNP4 in the TLR9 gene in Guangdong Han population. SNP1 and SNP2 appear unrelated to the liability to CA.
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Objective To analyse preliminarily the role of amelanotic melanocutes (AMMC) and SCF/c-kit signal pathway in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Methods Three antibodies such as HMB-45, NKl/beteb and c-kit were used to stain sections from scalps from vitiligo patients and the healthy controls. Results There were no HMB-45 positive cells in outer root sheath(ORS) of follicle. NKI/beteb positive cells were small and located in groups at the middle and lower of outer root sheath with their retraction of the dendrites. They only expressed premelanosomal antigens but not melanosomal antigen such as HMB-45. There were no significant difference of AMMC in quantities between vitiligo patients and normal controls (P>0. 05). The expression of c-kit receptors on AMMC in follicle of depigment-ed scalps from vitiligo patients was lower than that in normal contols (P<0. 05). Conclusion Abnormal c-kit expression in AMMC in the follicle of depigmented scalps may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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This research was aimed to develop the technique and formula for the preparation of stable and effective microbubbles containing hydrophilic drugs. We prepared EB-PLGA microbubbles and evaluated its drug loading and burst release to choose the best technique and formula. The result of optimizing formula was W1/O (1:15), EB-PLGA (0.04), PVA (5%). The burst release decreased after the addition of supplemental agent and the change of method for preparation. We concluded that the optimizing formula could elevate drug loading and decrease burst release obviously.
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Drug Carriers , Chemistry , Lactic Acid , Chemistry , Microbubbles , Polyglycolic Acid , Chemistry , Quality ControlABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the alteration of urotensin Ⅱ in plasma of acute lung injury(ALI)rats,which affected by the urotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist(URA),and to study the function of URA to ALI.Methods Forty-two Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were divided into two groups randomly,with each containing 21 rats.All rats were injected with oleic acid for ALI models.G1 as ALI model group,the other group was injected with URA as experiment group(G2).2 ml blood was drawn in 3,12,24 hours after injection,with each time blood being drawn in seven rats of each group.Plasma was separated from the blood.Keep plasma in-80℃ to be detected.Results The concentration of UⅡ of G1 in 3,12,24hours was(105.57?9.52)pg/ml,(119.30?8.30)pg/ml,(133.33?9.65)pg/ml,respectively;and(133.65?8.89)pg/ml,(131.99?9.80)pg/ml,(114.03?9.12)pg/ml in the same time of G2.With the time going on,the plasma concentration of UⅡwas significantly increased(P